CCN Colloquium: "To Be Precise or Not to Be? An Exploration of Precision and Diffuse Neuromodulation Approaches in Addiction Neuroscience"

This talk examines how network-based models and functional neuroimaging biomarkers can inform precision neuromodulation strategies for treating substance use disorders, highlighting the role of individualized, fMRI-guided targeting in shaping mechanistic insight and intervention design. I will juxtapose this work with emerging evidence from diffuse, high-penetration stimulation approaches-such as helmet-coil deep TMS-that, despite reduced anatomical specificity, demonstrate meaningful clinical effects and offer substantial advantages for scalability, accessibility, and real-world implementation. Together, these contrasting methods illuminate when precision is essential, when broader stimulation may be sufficient, and how integrating both paradigms can shape a neuroscience-informed neuromodulation framework that balances mechanistic precision with broad clinical reach.