Warren M. Grill
Director, Center for Neural Engineering & Neurotechnology
Professor of Biomedical Engineering
Overview
Our research employs engineering approaches to understand and control neural function. We work on fundamental questions and applied development in electrical stimulation of the nervous system to restore function to individuals with neurological impairment or injury.
Current projects include:
• understanding the mechanisms of and developing advanced approaches to deep brain stimulation to treat movement disorders,
• developing novel approaches to peripheral nerve electrical stimulation for restoration of bladder function,
• understanding the mechanisms of and developing advanced approaches to spinal cord stimulation to treat chronic pain,
• understanding and controlling the cellular effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation, and
• design of novel electrodes and waveforms for selective stimulation of the nervous system.
Selected Grants
Rational Design of TMS for Neuromodulation awarded by National Institutes of Health (Co Investigator). 2020 to 2025
Duke Women's Reproductive Health Research Scholars awarded by National Institutes of Health (Mentor). 2020 to 2025
NINDS Research Education Programs for Residents and Fellows in Neurosurgery awarded by National Institutes of Health (Mentor). 2009 to 2025
MPS-TMS: Modular Pulse Synthesizer for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation with Fully Adjustable Pulse Shape and Sequence awarded by National Institutes of Health (Co Investigator). 2020 to 2024
Neurobiology Training Program awarded by National Institutes of Health (Mentor). 2019 to 2024
Predicting Urinary Continence Status with Sacral Neuromodulation and Botulinum Toxin Treatments awarded by National Institutes of Health (Co-Mentor). 2020 to 2023
Duke KURe Program awarded by National Institutes of Health (Mentor). 2013 to 2023
Developing a comprehensive model for peripheral nerve stimulation of gastrointestinal function awarded by National Institutes of Health (Co Investigator). 2019 to 2023
Underactive Bladder: Mechanisms and Recovery of Sensation and Function awarded by National Institutes of Health (Mentor). 2019 to 2023
Analysis and Design of µECoG Array Characteristics for Optimized Signal Acquisition awarded by National Institutes of Health (Co-Mentor). 2020 to 2023
Pages
Hokanson, J. A., et al. “Neuroprosthetic control of lower urinary tract function.” Neuroprosthetics: Theory and Practice: Second Edition, 2017, pp. 537–65. Scopus, doi:10.1142/9789813207158_0017. Full Text
Howell, B., and W. M. Grill. “Design of electrodes for stimulation and recording.” Implantable Neuroprostheses for Restoring Function, 2015, pp. 59–93. Scopus, doi:10.1016/B978-1-78242-101-6.00004-5. Full Text
Howell, Bryan, and Warren M. Grill. “Computational Models to Optimize the Electrodes and Waveforms for Deep Brain Stimulation.” Encyclopedia of Computational Neuroscience, edited by Dieter Jaeger and Ranu Jung, Springer, 2014.
McGee, Meredith, and Warren M. Grill. “Methodologies for the Restoration of Bladder and Bowel Functions.” Encyclopedia of Computational Neuroscience, edited by Dieter Jaeger and Ranu Jung, Springer, 2014.
Medina, Leonel E., and Warren M. Grill. “Mammalian Motor Nerve Fibers, Models of.” Encyclopedia of Computational Neuroscience, edited by Dieter Jaeger and Ranu Jung, Springer, 2014.
Grill, W. M. “Signal considerations for chronically implanted electrodes for brain interfacing.” Indwelling Neural Implants: Strategies for Contending with the in Vivo Environment, 2007, pp. 41–61.
Lee, D. C., et al. “Extracellular electrical stimulation of central neurons: Quantitative studies.” Handbook of Neuroprosthetic Methods, 2002, pp. 95–125.
Hokanson, James A., et al. “State-dependent bioelectronic interface to control bladder function.” Scientific Reports, vol. 11, no. 1, Jan. 2021, p. 314. Epmc, doi:10.1038/s41598-020-79493-7. Full Text
Krauss, Joachim K., et al. “Technology of deep brain stimulation: current status and future directions.” Nature Reviews. Neurology, Nov. 2020. Epmc, doi:10.1038/s41582-020-00426-z. Full Text
Bourbeau, Dennis, et al. “A roadmap for advancing neurostimulation approaches for bladder and bowel function after spinal cord injury.” Spinal Cord, vol. 58, no. 11, Nov. 2020, pp. 1227–32. Epmc, doi:10.1038/s41393-020-00544-x. Full Text
Schmidt, Stephen L., et al. “Evoked potentials reveal neural circuits engaged by human deep brain stimulation.” Brain Stimul, vol. 13, no. 6, Nov. 2020, pp. 1706–18. Pubmed, doi:10.1016/j.brs.2020.09.028. Full Text
Kumaravelu, Karthik, et al. “A comprehensive model-based framework for optimal design of biomimetic patterns of electrical stimulation for prosthetic sensation.” Journal of Neural Engineering, vol. 17, no. 4, Sept. 2020, p. 046045. Epmc, doi:10.1088/1741-2552/abacd8. Full Text
Peña, Edgar, et al. “Quantitative comparisons of block thresholds and onset responses for charge-balanced kilohertz frequency waveforms.” Journal of Neural Engineering, vol. 17, no. 4, Sept. 2020, p. 046048. Epmc, doi:10.1088/1741-2552/abadb5. Full Text
Nicolai, Evan N., et al. “Sources of off-target effects of vagus nerve stimulation using the helical clinical lead in domestic pigs.” Journal of Neural Engineering, vol. 17, no. 4, July 2020, p. 046017. Epmc, doi:10.1088/1741-2552/ab9db8. Full Text
Steadman, Casey J., and Warren M. Grill. “Spinal cord stimulation for the restoration of bladder function after spinal cord injury.” Healthcare Technology Letters, vol. 7, no. 3, June 2020, pp. 87–92. Epmc, doi:10.1049/htl.2020.0026. Full Text
Yi, Guosheng, and Warren M. Grill. “Kilohertz waveforms optimized to produce closed-state Na+ channel inactivation eliminate onset response in nerve conduction block.” Plos Computational Biology, vol. 16, no. 6, June 2020, p. e1007766. Epmc, doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007766. Full Text
Langdale, Christopher L., et al. “Stimulation of the pelvic nerve increases bladder capacity in the PGE2 cat model of overactive bladder.” American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology, vol. 318, no. 6, June 2020, pp. F1357–68. Epmc, doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00068.2020. Full Text
Pages
Gao, Q., et al. “Model-based design of closed loop deep brain stimulation controller using reinforcement learning.” Proceedings 2020 Acm/Ieee 11th International Conference on Cyber Physical Systems, Iccps 2020, 2020, pp. 108–18. Scopus, doi:10.1109/ICCPS48487.2020.00018. Full Text
Jovanov, I., et al. “Learning-Based Control Design for Deep Brain Stimulation.” Proceedings 9th Acm/Ieee International Conference on Cyber Physical Systems, Iccps 2018, 2018, pp. 349–50. Scopus, doi:10.1109/ICCPS.2018.00048. Full Text
Jovanov, I., et al. “Platform for Model-Based Design and Testing for Deep Brain Stimulation.” Proceedings 9th Acm/Ieee International Conference on Cyber Physical Systems, Iccps 2018, 2018, pp. 263–74. Scopus, doi:10.1109/ICCPS.2018.00033. Full Text
Lubba, C., et al. “Real-time decoding of bladder pressure from pelvic nerve activity CP.” International Ieee/Embs Conference on Neural Engineering, Ner, 2017, pp. 617–20. Scopus, doi:10.1109/NER.2017.8008427. Full Text
Behrend, C. E., et al. “Quantification of beta activity with disease progression in EEG recordings in Parkinson's disease patients.” Movement Disorders, vol. 30, WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2015, pp. S31–S31.
Pelot, N. A., et al. “Modeling the response of small myelinated and unmyelinated axons to kilohertz frequency signals.” International Ieee/Embs Conference on Neural Engineering, Ner, vol. 2015-July, 2015, pp. 406–09. Scopus, doi:10.1109/NER.2015.7146645. Full Text
Medina, L. E., and W. M. Grill. “Phantom model of transcutaneous electrical stimulation with kilohertz signals.” International Ieee/Embs Conference on Neural Engineering, Ner, vol. 2015-July, 2015, pp. 430–33. Scopus, doi:10.1109/NER.2015.7146651. Full Text
McConnell, G. C., and W. M. Grill. “Stimulation location within the substantia nigra pars reticulata differentially modulates gait in hemiparkinsonian rats.” International Ieee/Embs Conference on Neural Engineering, Ner, 2013, pp. 1210–13. Scopus, doi:10.1109/NER.2013.6696157. Full Text
McGee, M. J., and W. M. Grill. “Temporal patterns of pudendal afferent stimulation modulate reflex bladder activation.” International Ieee/Embs Conference on Neural Engineering, Ner, 2013, pp. 843–46. Scopus, doi:10.1109/NER.2013.6696066. Full Text
Howell, B., and W. M. Grill. “Model-based optimization of electrode designs for deep brain stimulation.” International Ieee/Embs Conference on Neural Engineering, Ner, 2013, pp. 154–57. Scopus, doi:10.1109/NER.2013.6695895. Full Text
Pages
Grill, Warren, and Guosheng Yi. Data and code from: Waveforms optimized to produce closed-state Na+ inactivation eliminate onset response in nerve conduction block. 19 May 2020. Manual, doi:10.7924/r4z31t79k. Full Text